Artificial Intelligence Essays (950 words) - Humanoid Robots

Artificial Intelligence Artificial Intelligence once something that people thought could only come out of science fiction novels and movies. But today that could all change because of a robot called Cog. Cog is an artificial intelligence that it's creators have given a body. He is the future of AI and a new beginning for the field. His creator , Rogney Brooks, a professor of electrical engineering and computer science, thought of creating cog, from inspiration from an artificial intelligence that was depicted in the movie, "2001:A Space Odyssey." In the movie, Hal, the AI, controlled a large space craft. Instead of creating a brain in a box like in the movie, Rodney is putting the mind of a human into the body of a robot. Cog isn't yet a true humanoid robot. Right now he is little more that a head, neck , shoulders, chest and waist. He is perched on a gray steel pedestal bolted to the floor of the Artificial intelligence lab at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Still no other machine has come closer to the humanoid robots of science fiction. Cog foreshadows the day in which robots will interact normally with us. Cog's creators are trying to do just that. Cog is a very far cry from what HAL was thought, because he has some anatomy. HAL was just basically a brain in a box. What they are trying to accomplish with cog, is to equip a brain with a body, that has sensors so that it can learn about its environment on its own, much like a infant does. Creating a humanoid was a big leap for Brooks. His last venture in to the AI world made a big impression on the artificial-Intelligence community. He created small robots the scurried around like insects. It turns out though, that these small creatures have much in common with Cog. They both do no use the usual AI approach that most other Mobil robots use. These other robots, would have to carry a complete map of the world that the machine will encounter. That would work fine in the lab, Brooks reasoned, but what about the real world with it's vast space and many unfamiliar obstacles. To over overcome this problem, Brooks programmed this little robots with so-called parallel behaviors. He didn't need the all-encompassing maps others used, just simple leg routines, such as up-down and forward-back motions the operate in parallel. On the robot's legs sensors warded of obstacles and triggered these behaviors like reflexes. These machines ran riot in the lab where gradua! te students built new obstacles courses for them every day. The insect like robots managed to conquer all. Cog represents the basic same principal, but a few steps beyond. Brooks plans to take Cog a long way. Right now , Cog is learning how to see, and relate what he sees to his head motion, to be able to know what motion in the world, and what is dew to his head movement. They are letting Cog learn by its self. There are also plans to make ears for cog so that he may learn to hear. They have all ready completed a poly styrene head that is complete with micro-phones and processors. The first step in teaching Cog to hear is to map sensor coordination between the eyes and ears. With the done, when cog hears a sound, he will point his eyes at it, and then if he sees motion, that will reinforce what he just heard with the coordination of the two. Sound will help cog figure out where to look, but he will also be able to separate sounds, like people can do at a noisy cocktail party. These senses will help it to be able to interact with its environment and learn about its own body. What it sees verses what it is doing. There are also plans to give Cog the ability to be able to reach out and touch someone. Right now he has no arms at all. He can lean forwards and sideways at the hips, and turn its head, but that is all at the moment. Williamson, a graduate student on the Cog team, is building Cog's first arm as

Motivating Staff essays

Motivating Staff essays There are plenty ways to motivating Staff in a company. Firstly, the managers need to know what the needs of his staff are, and how to motivate them. As different people have different needs, the ways of motivating them also differ. The salary is one of the most important factors. Since most workers needs money on their daily life, thus they work for money. Salary needed to be paid on time. Otherwise, this would demotivate them. In other words, if the workers had not receive their salary when due, the morale of works may be reduced. Trainings, incentives, holidays, welfare, and others rewards may be given to the staffs as the extrinsic reward. Most staffs welcome at least one of the rewards mention above, so if possible, why not give the rewards to the staffs as a motivation factors? Although not all, most people want promotion after a certain period of their works. Perhaps this may increase their status, or pay rise. Besides, they can put more commitment in their works as they have increased responsibility. Another factor is the condition of working environments. The air conditioning of an office should be well controlled, as well as the floors of the office. No one feels comfortable working in a dirty office. Although a clean office will not necessary motivating the staffs, but for sure, if such criteria are not fulfilled, the staffs get demotivated. Perhaps most people want to be self affirmed. Typically, the manager of a large organisation can't remember all the names of his/hers subordinates. But if he/she DOES, the scenario may be greatly enhanced. The staffs may thought, "Wow, the boss can remember my name even I am just a little workers. Then I must work hard to appreciate such recognition" There are no strict rules for a company or an organization to follow in the approach of motivating their staffs, but a combinations of the methods suggested above may prove useful in improving motivations. ...